This research publication examines criminal offences pertaining to the smuggling of migrants in international, European, and Austrian laws. It outlines the criminalization requirements under the United Nations (UN) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, international best practice guidelines developed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and relevant European Council Directives and Framework Decisions.