This book follows a rigorous academic approach, using scientific research methods to provide first-hand data on poverty alleviation in contemporary rural China. It conducts research by providing real cases and practical examples to accelerate the achievement of poverty alleviation goals. Through field research and case studies, this book presents different examinations of the poverty-related challenges faced by three representative poor villages: Hefan Village, Daan Village, and Luotuowan Village. The three selected villages are characterized by a certain typicality and representativeness and provide practical experience for current poverty alleviation workers in China. Based on an analysis of the main causes of poverty, the book systematically discusses each of the three villages from the perspectives of the villages' own development context, historical development, directions and experiences in poverty alleviation practices, and the villages' characteristics. By illustrating the different targeted poverty alleviation models implemented in these villages, the book offers valuable recommendations and insights for future poverty alleviation efforts, including policy considerations, education strategies, infrastructure construction, improvement of medical security system, and industrial development facets.