This book analyses and evaluates the political, legal, negotiating and scientific parameters, which determined and/or influenced the course of international governance and the formation of the new conventional regime of the Caspian Sea (2018). Five littoral states managed to overcome complete disagreement and achieve the establishment of peaceful relations for successful international cooperation through multilateral negotiations in multidimensional geopolitical conditions (period 1991-2018) in the context of the redistribution of natural wealth, mainly energy resources, of particular geoeconomic and geostrategic importance. The book offers a different, interdisciplinary perspective on a widely discussed topic. A new scientific geographical term, "residual sea," is proposed especially for the Caspian, which underlines the natural character of this body of water without the legal implications of a "sea". For the first time, a systematic analysis of the entire negotiation process for the legal regime of the Caspian Sea has been conducted, with the compilation of the Chronodiagram, where meetings at all levels have been recorded, and the phases and stages of the development of the Negotiation Process have been identified, systematised and mapped. After an informative introduction to the geoscientific and geopolitical aspects of the situation in the region in plain language, the history of the negotiations unfolds as a logical sequence of reasoned actions by the littoral states. The whole process of negotiations on the legal regime of the Caspian Sea is a rare example of successful peaceful cooperation among the"hard players" with an even more "hard" subject of negotiations—the distribution of energy wealth and an extremely effective international governance with a subtle "oriental" nuance of one of the most complex issues of International Law of the Sea. What are the ingredients of a "successful recipe" that may be applied elsewhere?