While the aviation sector has introduced a number of technological and operationalmeasures to curb its greenhouse gas emissions, these will not offset the emissions expectedfrom its projected growth. This book examines the legal framework underlying theinternational aviation and climate change discourse. It analyzes the suitability of theInternational Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) institutional setting to address climatechange and provides a critical assessment of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme.Finally, the author makes several recommendations to facilitate the adoption,implementation and, ultimately, compliance with the ICAO’s global market-based measurescheme to limit greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation.