This book includes over three hundred and seventy short papers that were presented during the fifth EMCEI, which was held at the University of Calabria in Rende-Cosenza, Italy, in October 2023. In view of the environmental degradation that is accelerating at an unprecedented rate in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions, this book includes research studies on: engineering applications for environmental management; ecotoxicology, environmental safety, and bioremediation; biotechnology for environmental management; climate-change-related effects on the environment and ecological systems; natural resources, agriculture, and the environment; smart technologies for environmentally friendly energy production; remote sensing and GIS for environmental monitoring and management; environmental impacts of natural hazards and environmental risk assessment; sustainable management of marine and coastal environments. This book addresses emerging environmental issues along with new challenges by focusing on innovative approaches that contribute to achieving a sustainable environment in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions and by highlighting to decision-makers from relevant sectors the environmental considerations that should be integrated into their own activities. By presenting a wide range of environmental topics and new findings relevant to a variety of problems in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions, this book appeals to anyone working in the subject area and especially students interested in learning more about new developments in environmental research initiatives in light of the worsening environmental degradation of the Mediterranean and surrounding areas, making environmental and resource protection an increasingly important issue that impedes sustainable development and social well-being.