Education under globalization becomes a contested terrain: while it can reproduce class hierarchies and epistemic hegemonies, it may also be reimagined as a site of empowerment and emancipation through critical pedagogy and intercultural dialogue. This book examines the deepening patterns of global educational inequality and their implications for human rights, offering a framework that connects global structures, national reforms, and everyday educational experiences. It reframes equity as a relational field shaped by intersecting forces, highlighting marginalized groups and peripheral regions as revealing the limits of reform. By linking structure, agency, and normativity, the book provides an integrated account of the production, stabilization, and disruption of inequality, advancing beyond literature that treats these domains separately and offering a forward-looking guide for research and policy committed to human rights and social justice.